How AS 1100 and LiDAR Scanning Work Together: From Point Cloud to Compliant Drawings

Graduate engineer and senior engineer using LiDAR scanning on a Parramatta River construction site, reviewing point cloud data for accurate design.

AS 1100 & LiDAR Scanning: Compliant Engineering Drawings from Point Clouds

If youโ€™ve ever tried to update old plant drawings, verify a brownfield tie-in, or issue โ€œas-builtโ€ documentation after a shutdown, youโ€™ll know the pain: the site never matches the drawings, access is limited, and the smallest dimensional miss can cascade into rework, clashes, and schedule blowouts.

Thatโ€™s where engineering-grade LiDAR scanning and AS 1100 (the Australian Standard for technical drawing) make a powerful combination. LiDAR gives you truth data (reality capture), and AS 1100 gives you a shared language for turning that truth into clear, consistent, contract-ready documentation.

At Hamilton By Design, we treat scanning and drawing as one joined workflow: capture accurately โ†’ model intelligently โ†’ document to AS 1100 so everyone downstream can build, fabricate, install, and sign off with confidence.
(If you want to see the service side of this workflow, start here: https://www.hamiltonbydesign.com.au/home/engineering-services/3d-laser-scanning/3d-laser-scanning-for-engineering-projects/ and here: https://www.hamiltonbydesign.com.au/home/3d-lidar-scanning-digital-quality-assurance/)


What AS 1100 actually โ€œdoesโ€ in the real world

AS 1100 standardises the way we communicate engineering information through drawings: layout, line types, projection methods, dimensioning rules, tolerancing conventions, symbols, notes, and drawing presentation.

In practice, AS 1100 helps you answer questions like:

  • Which edges are visible vs hidden? (line conventions)
  • How are views arranged and interpreted? (projection and view layout)
  • How do we dimension so the fabricator canโ€™t misread it? (dimensioning rules)
  • How do we document what matters vs whatโ€™s โ€œreference onlyโ€? (notes and drawing hierarchy)
  • How do we keep drawing sets consistent across multiple contributors? (formatting + standards)

That consistency is exactly whatโ€™s needed after a scanโ€”because point clouds are rich, but theyโ€™re not automatically โ€œcommunicableโ€ in the way a compliant drawing set is.


What LiDAR scanning adds that drawings alone canโ€™t

A LiDAR scanner captures millions (often billions) of spatial points that represent real surfacesโ€”steel, concrete, pipe, equipment, structureโ€”creating a point cloud that can be registered into a unified coordinate system.

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In the engineering context, the big advantages are:

  • Speed: capture complex geometry quickly, often with minimal disruption
  • Coverage: see whatโ€™s hard to measure with tape/total station (overhead services, congested pipe racks, odd geometry)
  • Context: capture โ€œeverything,โ€ not just what someone remembered to measure
  • Traceability: you can always โ€œgo backโ€ to the scan for verification and queries
  • Clash prevention: scan-to-CAD makes it far easier to design upgrades that actually fit

But hereโ€™s the key: a point cloud isnโ€™t a deliverable most trades can fabricate from directly.
Thatโ€™s why AS 1100 becomes the bridge between capture and construction.


The combined workflow: Point cloud โ†’ model โ†’ AS 1100 drawings

1) Capture the site as it really is

We scan the area of interest and register scans into a coordinated dataset. This becomes the base truth for everything that follows. If the project is shutdown-driven, we plan scanning around access windows and risk controls (often capturing adjacent tie-in zones too, because โ€œnearbyโ€ services are where surprises live).

2) Establish intent: โ€œWhat are we delivering?โ€

Not every project needs the same output. Typical outcomes include:

  • As-built drawings for existing assets
  • As-found models to support new design work
  • Dimensional verification for fit-up and prefabrication
  • Digital QA against design intent (scan-vs-model comparison)

Hamilton By Design leans hard into this QA piece where it matters mostโ€”because catching a misalignment early is cheaper than discovering it on install day.
More on the QA angle here: https://www.hamiltonbydesign.com.au/home/3d-lidar-scanning-digital-quality-assurance/

3) Convert scan data into engineering geometry (as much as needed)

Sometimes the best output is a controlled 3D model (plant layout, pipe spools, structural members). Other times the project is best served by 2D drawings extracted from a model.

Weโ€™ll typically create:

  • key datums and grids
  • primary steel / structure
  • equipment envelopes and critical interfaces
  • piping runs and connection points (where relevant)
  • floor levels, platforms, access constraints, clearance zones

4) Document to AS 1100 so the drawing set is unambiguous

This is where AS 1100 shines. We turn geometry into drawings that read cleanly and consistently across teams.

That includes:

  • correct view layouts (plan/elevation/section/detail)
  • line conventions (visible/hidden/centre lines)
  • clear dimensioning strategy (functional dims first)
  • consistent annotation and notes
  • drawing borders, title blocks, revision control, and drawing register discipline

In short: LiDAR gives accuracy, AS 1100 gives clarity.


Where AS 1100 + LiDAR scanning delivers immediate value

Brownfield upgrades and tie-ins

Tie-ins fail when the โ€œas-builtโ€ condition is wrong. A scan gives you real geometry; AS 1100 drawings package it so designers, fabricators, and installers share the same reference. This is especially useful when multiple contractors are interfacing.

Fabrication and spool accuracy

If youโ€™re fabricating offsite (pipe spools, platform steel, handrail sections, ducting), you need dependable dimensions and an agreed drawing language. Scan-derived models support accuracy; AS 1100 drawings support fabrication interpretation and QA sign-off.

Shutdown planning and constructability

A point cloud is a brilliant planning toolโ€”access routes, crane clearances, removal paths, temporary works, and โ€œwhatโ€™s in the way.โ€ But shutdown packages still need compliant drawings for permits, isolations, install workpacks, and handover packs. AS 1100 keeps those packages readable and defensible.

Verification and โ€œwhat changed?โ€

Sites evolve. A scan provides a timestamped snapshot. Drawings updated to AS 1100 become the controlled record: what was there, what was installed, and what the current state is. That matters for maintenance, safety, and future projects.


Practical example: Turning a congested pipe rack into a buildable upgrade

Imagine youโ€™re adding a new line through an existing pipe rack:

  1. Scan the rack to capture all existing services, supports, cable trays, and steel
  2. Model critical geometry (existing plus proposed) to check routing and supports
  3. Clash check before fabrication begins
  4. Issue AS 1100 drawings for:
    • support details
    • spool isometrics (if applicable)
    • arrangement drawings showing tie-in locations
    • sections through congestion zones
    • installation notes and tolerances where appropriate
  5. Verify post-install with a follow-up scan if required for QA/closeout

Thatโ€™s the โ€œwork togetherโ€ part: the scan stops guesswork, and AS 1100 stops misinterpretation.


Common mistakes when scanning isnโ€™t tied back to AS 1100

  • Delivering point clouds without a drawing strategy (stakeholders canโ€™t use them effectively)
  • Over-modelling everything (time is spent modelling non-critical items instead of delivering useful documentation)
  • Unclear dimensioning (scan accuracy is wasted if dimensions are presented ambiguously)
  • No controlled datums (people argue about โ€œwhere zero isโ€ and models drift between disciplines)
  • Weak revision control (the drawing set becomes untrustworthy fast)

A standards-led drawing approach prevents most of these.


How we approach it at Hamilton By Design

Our angle is simple: engineering-led scanningโ€”not scanning for its own sake.

  • We capture reality with LiDAR.
  • We translate it into the level of model detail the project actually needs.
  • We document outputs with the discipline and consistency expected in Australian engineering environments.

If you want the practical breakdown of how we do scan capture and modelling for projects, start here:
https://www.hamiltonbydesign.com.au/home/engineering-services/3d-laser-scanning/3d-laser-scanning-for-engineering-projects/

And if your priority is dimensional verification, fit-up confidence, or proving compliance against design intent, this page explains our digital QA approach:
https://www.hamiltonbydesign.com.au/home/3d-lidar-scanning-digital-quality-assurance/


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Closing thought: accuracy is only valuable if itโ€™s understandable

LiDAR scanning can deliver millimetre-grade spatial truth. But in real projects, truth still has to travel through peopleโ€”engineers, drafters, fabricators, installers, supervisors, and asset owners.

AS 1100 makes that truth readable.
LiDAR makes it reliable.

Together, they turn messy real-world geometry into clear, controlled documentation that supports safer installs, faster shutdowns, and fewer surprises.

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3D Scanning Services Darwin: Industrial LiDAR for As-Builts, Shutdowns & Brownfield Upgrades

Mechanical engineer and client reviewing drawings while LiDAR scanning a site near Darwin Casino

3D Scanning Services Darwin | Industrial LiDAR for Engineering Projects

In Darwinโ€™s industrial and infrastructure sectors, accurate site data is critical before any upgrade, shutdown or retrofit project begins. Many facilities are operating with outdated drawings, undocumented modifications and congested plant layouts โ€” making traditional site measurement slow, risky and unreliable.

Engineering-grade 3D LiDAR scanning provides fast, highly accurate as-built data that engineers can rely on for design, fabrication and installation planning. At Hamilton By Design, we deliver industrial 3D scanning services in Darwin that support brownfield upgrades, shutdown works and asset documentation across mining, ports, defence and utilities.


What Is Engineering-Grade 3D Scanning?

Unlike basic surveying or photogrammetry, industrial LiDAR scanning captures millions of measurement points per second to generate a true-scale point cloud of your facility.

This allows engineers to:

  • Measure clearances accurately
  • Verify structural geometry
  • Detect clashes before fabrication
  • Design directly from real-world data

Our workflows convert point cloud data into:

  • CAD models
  • Fabrication drawings
  • BIM and coordination models
  • As-built documentation

This means scanning is not just a survey โ€” it becomes the foundation of your entire engineering workflow.


Key Industries Using 3D Scanning in Darwin

Darwin is a major hub for industrial and infrastructure projects across Northern Australia. The most common users of LiDAR scanning include:

Defence & Secure Facilities

  • Hangars, workshops and logistics buildings
  • Fuel systems and plant rooms
  • Retrofit and compliance upgrades

Scanning allows engineers to design remotely while reducing on-site access requirements and security risks.


Ports, Marine & Bulk Handling Infrastructure

  • Conveyors and transfer stations
  • Wharf structures and ship loaders
  • Upgrade planning without interrupting operations

LiDAR scanning enables safe measurement of live operating assets and complex marine structures.



Mining Support & Materials Handling

While many mines are remote, engineering and fabrication is often coordinated through Darwin.

Typical applications include:

  • Transfer chute redesign
  • Conveyor upgrades
  • Structural tie-ins during shutdowns

Accurate scans reduce installation risk and minimise costly shutdown overruns.


Oil, Gas & LNG Support Facilities

  • Skid and modular plant design
  • Pipe routing and equipment replacement
  • Brownfield retrofit engineering

Scanning ensures new modules fit first time, even when original drawings are incomplete.


Government Infrastructure & Utilities

  • Water and wastewater treatment plants
  • Power generation and substations
  • Asset documentation and compliance works

As-built scanning supports long-term asset management and future upgrade planning.


Common Problems 3D Scanning Solves

Engineering teams typically engage scanning when they face:

  • Missing or inaccurate drawings
  • Congested plant layouts
  • High risk of installation clashes
  • Tight shutdown windows
  • Remote engineering coordination

By capturing the full environment, engineers can design with confidence and reduce rework during construction.


Typical Deliverables From a Darwin LiDAR Scan

Depending on your project, we can provide:

  • Registered point clouds (E57 / RCP formats)
  • 3D CAD models for design
  • Fabrication and installation drawings
  • Structural verification models
  • BIM coordination models
  • As-built documentation packages

This allows scanning data to be used directly by mechanical, structural and drafting teams.


Why Industrial Projects Choose Hamilton By Design

Hamilton By Design is an engineering-led scanning and modelling provider, not just a survey company.

Our clients value that we understand:

  • Shutdown scheduling pressures
  • Fabrication tolerances
  • Installation constraints
  • Australian Standards compliance
  • Mining and industrial safety requirements

This means the data we deliver is practical for real-world construction and maintenance projects, not just visually accurate.


When Should You Use 3D Scanning on Your Project?

3D scanning is most valuable when:

  • Modifying existing plant or structures
  • Designing replacement equipment
  • Planning shutdown installations
  • Verifying compliance or structural alignment
  • Preparing for major upgrades

Early scanning often prevents downstream engineering changes and costly site delays.


3D Scanning Services Available Across Darwin and the Top End

We support projects in:

  • Darwin industrial precincts
  • Port and marine facilities
  • Remote mining and processing sites
  • Defence infrastructure environments

Our team can mobilise scanning crews and deliver digital models suitable for immediate engineering use.


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Speak With an Engineer About Your Darwin Scanning Project

If you are planning upgrades, shutdown work or plant modifications, accurate site data is the first step toward reducing risk and improving delivery outcomes.

Contact Hamilton By Design to discuss industrial 3D scanning services in Darwin and how LiDAR data can support your engineering and fabrication workflow.

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Why Good Design Matters More Than Project Management

Why Engineering Design Matters More Than Project Management

Lessons from Tailings Dam Failures in the Global Mining Industry

In engineering-led industries such as mining, construction, and heavy manufacturing, project management is often seen as the key to success โ€” on time, on budget, and on scope.

However, history shows that when failures occur, they are rarely caused by poor project management alone.

Some of the most serious industrial failures in the world โ€” including tailings dam collapses โ€” demonstrate a critical truth:

Project management cannot compensate for poor or marginal engineering design.

At Hamilton By Design, we believe design sets the safety ceiling. Project management operates within it.


Project Management Executes โ€” Design Determines Risk

Project management is essential. It coordinates people, schedules, procurement, and delivery. But it does not:

  • Increase a structureโ€™s factor of safety
  • Prevent liquefaction
  • Change material behaviour
  • Improve drainage capacity
  • Create resilience to abnormal conditions

Those outcomes are locked in at the design stage.

If a system requires perfect execution to remain safe, then the design is already fragile.

Good engineering design assumes:

  • Humans make mistakes
  • Weather exceeds forecasts
  • Equipment fails
  • Maintenance is imperfect

And it builds in margin, redundancy, and tolerance accordingly.


Tailings Dam Failures: A Clear Engineering Example

Tailings dam failures provide one of the clearest illustrations of the difference between design responsibility and project management responsibility.

Post-failure investigations across multiple countries consistently show that:

  • Many failed dams were operating as intended
  • Rainfall events were often within design assumptions
  • Operators followed approved procedures
  • Warning signs existed but reflected systemic weakness, not isolated mistakes

The common thread was not poor scheduling or cost control โ€” it was design philosophy.

Typical design-level issues identified:

  • Excess water retained in tailings
  • Low-density slurry disposal
  • Marginal stability under normal variability
  • Reliance on operational controls to maintain safety
  • Legacy designs never upgraded to match increased production

When a dam fails after a rainfall event, the rain is usually the trigger โ€” not the root cause.


Why Design Must Be Forgiving of Operations

Engineering design should be robust, not optimistic.

A safe design is one where:

  • Small operational deviations do not create instability
  • Water balance can tolerate extreme events
  • Safety does not depend on constant intervention
  • Failure modes are slow, visible, and recoverable

When operators or project managers are forced to โ€œmanage aroundโ€ design weaknesses, risk accumulates silently.

If safety relies on perfect behaviour, the system is unsafe by design.


The Australian Perspective: Design First, Then Manage

Australiaโ€™s generally strong tailings safety record reflects a broader engineering mindset:

  • Conservative design assumptions
  • Strong emphasis on water recovery and thickened tailings
  • Avoidance of high-risk construction methods
  • Independent engineering review
  • Design-for-closure thinking

Project management remains critical โ€” but it is not asked to compensate for marginal engineering.

This philosophy extends beyond tailings dams into:

  • Bulk materials handling
  • Structural steelwork
  • Brownfield upgrades
  • Shutdown-critical fabrication
  • Plant modifications

What This Means for Mining and Industrial Projects

The lesson is simple but powerful:

Engineering design controls risk.
Project management controls delivery.

When design is done properly:

  • Project management becomes easier
  • Variability is absorbed safely
  • Failures become unlikely rather than inevitable

When design is compromised:

  • Project management is left managing risk it cannot remove
  • The system becomes fragile
  • Incidents become a matter of when, not if

Our Approach at Hamilton By Design

At Hamilton By Design, we work from the principle that:

  • Design must be defensible
  • Assumptions must be explicit
  • Failure modes must be understood
  • Engineering judgement must lead delivery

Whether weโ€™re supporting:

  • Mining infrastructure
  • Tailings-adjacent plant systems
  • Bulk materials handling
  • Brownfield modifications
  • Shutdown-critical upgrades

We prioritise engineering-led design decisions that reduce reliance on operational heroics.


Final Thought

Project management is essential โ€” but it should never be asked to solve problems that only engineering design can prevent.

The safest projects are not the best managed ones โ€”
they are the best designed ones.

Hamilton By Design logo displayed on a blue tilted rectangle with a grey gradient background

Talk to an Engineer First

If your project involves:

  • High-risk infrastructure
  • Brownfield modifications
  • Water-sensitive systems
  • Shutdown-critical works

Get engineering involved early.
Contact Hamilton By Design to discuss an engineering-led approach that reduces risk before construction begins or Be part of the discussion.

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